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Abstract

Since the end of the Cold War, diplomacy has shifted toward multilateralism, expanding to new issues and actors. However, this system is now weakened by rising geopolitical tensions, nationalism, and speculative, transactional approaches such as Trump’s disruptive diplomacy. In response to the erosion of the multilateral order, there is a growing call for a more inclusive, professional, and cooperative form of diplomacy capable of addressing today’s complex global challenges.

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