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Abstract

"Throughout this PTD, I examine the notions of "evidence", as discussed and mobilized in debates around international drug control and drug-prohibition. Given the epistemic constraints imposed by prohibition and the war on drugs, increasingly, 'dissonant' expertise on "drugs" and their politics is produced, discussed and amplified by centers and groups seeking to alter existing understandings on drugs as an object of governance and the ankylosed governing practices anchored on prohibition.This project attempts to follow "evidence" as an idea, seeking to understand what it does and how it affects debates on the global governance of psychoactive substances, who the producers of such evidences are, and how, when approached from understandings of "dissent" or "advocacy", the concept is transferred and molded by those partaking in it, in what I call the "elasticities of evidence". Over the first part of this PTD I outline the neglect that knowledge-making practices have in the ways drug politics are thought of and conceptualized; after foregrounding how such aspects are part of the core tenets of drug prohibition, I then go on to describe how understandings of "evidence" are used and deployed in the construction of the "world drug problem" as an object of governance and how, constrained by the inflexibility of such channon, there is a mushrooming of groups producing evidences that seek to make alternative drug futures feasible. Some of these groups are Harm Reduction International, the Global Commission on Drug Policy, the International Drug Policy Consortium, and various organizations pushing for novel understandings of psychedelic substances and cannabis properties. After examining through a broad brush the IR literature on the role of knowledge in international politics, I place this work as one attempting to enquire into the knowledge-making practices of groups outside the state and international governance fora, and how the way "evidence" lands itself as an artifact of dissent and how it may differ from usual understandings of evidence-based politics. Proposing a study of the output and journeys of such evidence by means a genealogical exploration, textual and discourse analysis, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations at the crossing-points of the global spaces making up discussions on drug control after 2016, I attempt to understand how the moment of crisis of prohibition as a creed is facilitating the emergence of alternative understandings of drug politics, what that may mean for possible futures, and how, by placing the focus on evidence, actors outside established governance frameworks seek for their findings to become "credible", and what means for the making of such credibility are chosen. Lastly, I seek to make sense of this changing understanding of "credibility" in relation to the moving lines of inclusion and exclusion vis à vis the situated knowledges of people and communities who engage in drug-intake practices, ultimately the political subject advocated form in these understandings of reform.

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