I evaluate a China's large-scale distance learning program (2004-2007) aimed to improve rural education for 100 million students. It had a significant long-term impact, especially in remote areas. However, most counties saw no major improvement, with substantial gains limited to the least developed regions. This highlights the effectiveness in specific contexts but questions the overall efficiency of such interventions.., especially in remote areas. However., most counties saw no major improvement., with substantial gains limited to the least developed regions. This highlights the effectiveness in specific contexts but questions the overall efficiency of such interventions.