The current project seeks to explore whether (and if so, how) the theory of the international jus puniendi may contribute to the hegemonic side of international criminal justice. It intends to provide systematic critiques through the framework of hegemony and shed light on the future path of international criminal justice. The chapter submitted for the MPT focuses on the historical evolution and theories of jus puniendi in general criminal law, to lay down the groundwork for later discussions.., how) the theory of the international jus puniendi may contribute to the hegemonic side of international criminal justice. It intends to provide systematic critiques through the framework of hegemony and shed light on the future path of international criminal justice. The chapter submitted for the MPT focuses on the historical evolution and theories of jus puniendi in general criminal law., to lay down the groundwork for later discussions.