This thesis is an ethnographic investigation of the politics and practices of the direct and targeted cash transfers in Pakistan. Rolled out in 2008, the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP), known as the Ehsaas Kafalat Programme (EKP) between 2019 to 2022, delivers cash grants to millions of women identified as the representatives of the poor households. To understand its broader politics aimed at reducing poverty and empowering women, I conceptualize the program as a social and financial inclusion assemblage with its own distinctive rationalities, technics and subjects. As a matter of policy, the program remains intimately entangled with global discourses, imaginaries and ‘best practices’ that seek to bring in ever more transparency in social protection regimes. In theory, and as a matter of rationality, the promise of inclusion and the pursuit of transparency are perfectly commensurate with each other: more transparency means more widespread social and political legitimacy, which means continuation and expansion of the program. In practice, however, the pursuit of technologically-aided, data-driven transparency and the desire to overcome human mediation contradicts and undermines the promise of inclusion. The thesis shows how, for its everyday workings, the program remains dependent upon ever-multiplying forms of human mediation and affective, gendered labors of governing and being governed. It also shows how transparency becomes a necessary condition for the existence and massive expansion of the BISP/EKP as a social inclusion assemblage just as it remains central to its many highly consequential dysfunctions, contradictions and perversities.