@article{Batselé:319321,
      recid = {319321},
      author = {Batselé, Filip and Hafner, Nicolas Sebastian Hilarius},
      title = {What investors want from whom international organizations  and the International Association for the Promotion and the  Protection of Private Foreign Investments (APPI) 1958–1974},
      address = {2025},
      number = {ARTICLE},
      abstract = {Using archival material from states, international  organizations, and business actors, this paper explores how  the Association for the Promotion and Protection of Private  Foreign Investments (APPI), a transnational business  interest association (BIA), liaised with different  international institutions to lobby for better foreign  investment protection. We zoom in on the United Nations,  the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,  and the World Bank to examine how APPI influenced the  global institutional landscape during its heydays from 1958  until 1974. We show that business actors, particularly oil  and banking corporations, created APPI as a nimble,  efficient alliance that could move faster than existing  BIAs. We further demonstrate how companies “forum shop”  between different BIAs, and how APPI injected its ideas  into the policymaking process, using the framework of the  three faces of power. By shedding light on the role private  business actors played in foreign investor protection, the  paper contributes to a better understanding of the  emergence of global economic governance in the second half  of the 20th century.},
      url = {http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/319321},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1017/bap.2024.20},
}