@article{Laurens:318736,
      recid = {318736},
      author = {Laurens, Noémie},
      title = {Searching for a recipe for success environmental citizen  petitions under free trade agreements},
      address = {2025},
      number = {ARTICLE},
      abstract = {Submissions on enforcement matters (SEMs) allow civil  society members to assert that one party to a free trade  agreement (FTA) is failing to enforce its domestic  environmental laws. Submissions that survive every step of  the SEM process result in a ‘factual record’ prepared by a  secretariat on enforcement matters. Relying on qualitative  comparative analysis and an original dataset compiling the  158 SEMs submitted under the framework of US FTAs, I  investigate what conditions make submissions more likely to  succeed in leading to a factual record. I find that the  existence of previous submissions dealing with the same  facts, submissions against developing countries, and the  presence of at least one non-governmental organization as a  submitter contribute to a submission’s success, but only in  conjunction with other conditions and for a limited number  of cases. This result provides overall evidence that  secretariats’ decisions are unbiased by the factors  examined in this paper.},
      url = {http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/318736},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2024.2347162},
}