The 1986 Semiconductor Agreement was meant to counter alleged dumping and market closure in Japan. Market closure provisions were not fully implemented. The antidumping part was via a price floor. The price floor ignored the learning-curve in the industry and so it did more harm to US industrial interests than it did to Japanese industrial interests. The price floor guaranteed above-normal profits to memory producers of which Japanese firms accounted for about 90%. The price floor did not apply to Japan, so it gave Japanese chip users an advantage by raising the costs of non-Japanese rivals.