000301444 001__ 301444 000301444 005__ 20250213135626.0 000301444 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1177/13540661231163988 000301444 037__ $$aARTICLE 000301444 245__ $$aPorous organizational boundaries and associated states$$bintroducing memberness in international organizations 000301444 269__ $$a2023 000301444 336__ $$aJournal Articles 000301444 520__ $$aThe current binary understanding of membership in international organizations (IOs), especially regional organizations (ROs), creates blind spots and biases in our understanding of who matters in IOs, as well as why and how they matter. Existing scholarship primarily looks at full member-states or non-state actors to capture who influences such organizations. Associated states are often portrayed as passive receivers of IO rules instead of active contributors. We address this blind spot and resulting analytical bias by exploring what types of association relationships exist and how they impact IOs. We propose a novel conceptualization of membership that we call memberness. On the level of IOs, memberness is based on the relative openness of organizational boundaries and stratified access via material and ideational contributions. On the level of states, memberness captures associated states’ individual choices to contribute materially and/or ideationally to an IO. Memberness moves away from a purely rights-based understanding of membership (or who you are in an IO) to include a capacity-based understanding (or what you do in an IO). This shift in focus uncovers new channels of influence on IOs. Associated states’ material and ideational contributions to IOs constitute three memberness types: payroller, sponsor, and advisor. We argue that these memberness types impact IOs’ vitality, design, and performance in previously unrecognized ways. We illustrate these types with empirical examples from ROs across the globe and discuss the implications of memberness for IO research programs. 000301444 542__ $$fOpen Access article, Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) licence$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ 000301444 580__ $$aIn: European Journal of International Relations. - Volume 29(2023), no 4, pages 929-959 000301444 6531_ $$aGlobal Governance$$0319128 000301444 700__ $$aHofmann, Stephanie C. 000301444 700__ $$aAndreska, Anamarija 000301444 700__ $$aUribe, Juanita 000301444 700__ $$aBurai, Erna 000301444 8564_ $$9e2cec63f-f72a-47cb-bbff-4f64900addc1$$s230505$$uhttps://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf 000301444 901__ $$uInternational Relations - Political Sciences Department$$0319288 000301444 901__ $$uCentre on Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding 000301444 909CO $$ooai:repository.graduateinstitute.ch:301444$$pGLOBAL_SET$$pIHEID:Explore 000301444 981__ $$aoverwrite