TY  - GEN
AB  - The current binary understanding of membership in international organizations (IOs), especially regional organizations (ROs), creates blind spots and biases in our understanding of who matters in IOs, as well as why and how they matter. Existing scholarship primarily looks at full member-states or non-state actors to capture who influences such organizations. Associated states are often portrayed as passive receivers of IO rules instead of active contributors. We address this blind spot and resulting analytical bias by exploring what types of association relationships exist and how they impact IOs. We propose a novel conceptualization of membership that we call memberness. On the level of IOs, memberness is based on the relative openness of organizational boundaries and stratified access via material and ideational contributions. On the level of states, memberness captures associated states’ individual choices to contribute materially and/or ideationally to an IO. Memberness moves away from a purely rights-based understanding of membership (or who you are in an IO) to include a capacity-based understanding (or what you do in an IO). This shift in focus uncovers new channels of influence on IOs. Associated states’ material and ideational contributions to IOs constitute three memberness types: payroller, sponsor, and advisor. We argue that these memberness types impact IOs’ vitality, design, and performance in previously unrecognized ways. We illustrate these types with empirical examples from ROs across the globe and discuss the implications of memberness for IO research programs.
AU  - Hofmann, Stephanie C.
AU  - Andreska, Anamarija
AU  - Uribe, Juanita
AU  - Burai, Erna
DA  - 2023
DO  - 10.1177/13540661231163988
DO  - doi
ID  - 301444
KW  - Global Governance
L1  - https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf
L2  - https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf
L4  - https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf
LK  - https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf
N2  - The current binary understanding of membership in international organizations (IOs), especially regional organizations (ROs), creates blind spots and biases in our understanding of who matters in IOs, as well as why and how they matter. Existing scholarship primarily looks at full member-states or non-state actors to capture who influences such organizations. Associated states are often portrayed as passive receivers of IO rules instead of active contributors. We address this blind spot and resulting analytical bias by exploring what types of association relationships exist and how they impact IOs. We propose a novel conceptualization of membership that we call memberness. On the level of IOs, memberness is based on the relative openness of organizational boundaries and stratified access via material and ideational contributions. On the level of states, memberness captures associated states’ individual choices to contribute materially and/or ideationally to an IO. Memberness moves away from a purely rights-based understanding of membership (or who you are in an IO) to include a capacity-based understanding (or what you do in an IO). This shift in focus uncovers new channels of influence on IOs. Associated states’ material and ideational contributions to IOs constitute three memberness types: payroller, sponsor, and advisor. We argue that these memberness types impact IOs’ vitality, design, and performance in previously unrecognized ways. We illustrate these types with empirical examples from ROs across the globe and discuss the implications of memberness for IO research programs.
PY  - 2023
T1  - Porous organizational boundaries and associated statesintroducing memberness in international organizations
TI  - Porous organizational boundaries and associated statesintroducing memberness in international organizations
UR  - https://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301444/files/hofmann-et-al-2023-porous-organizational-boundaries-and-associated-states-introducing-memberness-in-international.pdf
Y1  - 2023
ER  -