@article{Schenker:301428,
      recid = {301428},
      author = {Schenker, Laura Kimberly and Bhavnani, Ravi and Sylvan,  David and Arcand, Jean-Louis L},
      title = {Segregation and “out-of-placeness” the direct effect of  neighborhood racial composition on police stops},
      address = {2023},
      number = {ARTICLE},
      abstract = {Differential police conduct may be attributed both to  residential racial segregation and more general  discriminatory attitudes and policies. We draw upon  ethnographic and other studies of everyday policing to  propose that police, in the context of racially segregated  neighborhoods, intensively surveil individuals who are “out  of place” in terms of their race and the local geographical  context in which they are found. We then use statistical  evidence from the New York City Police Department to  compare stops in different neighborhoods. We find that the  NYPD indeed carries out “stops” that differentially target  African Americans and Hispanics present in predominantly  white precincts, with the degree of surveillance increasing  as precincts become more white, and as stops become more  generic and less about specific, identifiable crimes.},
      url = {http://repository.graduateinstitute.ch/record/301428},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/10659129231171516},
}