This report is part of the broader "Research Collaboration on Technology, Equity, and the Right to Health", between the Global Health Centre (GHC) at the Geneva Graduate Institute in Switzerland, the James P. Grant School of Public Health at BRAC University in Bangladesh, and the Universidad de los Andes (ANDES) in Colombia, supported by the Open Society University Network (OSUN). The larger research collaboration consists of two research projects – one on digital health and human rights, and the other on pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) in the Global South. As part of the latter research project, three individual research reports present the findings on pharmaceutical R&D in the Global South: one report led by BRAC about pharmaceutical R&D in Bangladesh, another report led by ANDES about pharmaceutical R&D in Colombia, and finally, one report led by the GHC about pharmaceutical R&D in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).