Abstract
This research investigates the alternative means to hold mass crime perpetrators accountable when international courts become dysfunctional. It will look at the new trend of domestic courts prosecuting mass crimes in cooperation with the UN Investigative Mechanisms such as the IIIM, IIMM, and UNITAD. Additionally, it explores ADR mechanisms such as Victim-Offender Mediation and Sentencing Circles o explore options for accountability when international criminal courts become dysfunctional.