This paper expands the literature on segregation to the case of self-determination conflicts, specifically for the Mapuche in the south of Chili. First, a theoretical model linking conflict and segregation is presented and second, an empirical analysis is run by using a novel database on this conflict and creating historical measures of ethnic diversity as an instrument. By running Poisson and Negative Binomial regressions, we found a positive and significant effect of segregation on conflict.