The objective of this study is to analyze competition in the European banking industry in light of the changing regulatory frameworks to which banks are exposed. We focus on the provision of mortgages to households and loans to the corporate sectors in seven European countries. We develop and estimate an aggregate model for the European banking industry which controls for asymmetries in market structure. We reject non-cooperative Nash behavior in favor of more collusive cartel-like conduct. In addition, we provide some evidence that the degree of coordination among banks in the household market has fallen over the period. Such evolution can presumably be associated with the widespread deregulation that took place during the 1980s.